Degradation
Degradation: 6 articles from Peptides Info. Handling, storage and laboratory reference.
Agitation and Interfacial Stress: Shaking, Vortexing, Sonication
Why mechanical handling damages peptides in solution through interfaces rather than through the bulk liquid, how shaking, vortexing and sonication differ, which variables set the exposure, and a numbered shaking-stress study with unstressed and surfactant controls read by turbidity, size-exclusion chromatography and thioflavin T.
pH and Buffer Selection: Competing Dependencies, Buffer Properties and a Recording Procedure
pH is the most influential controllable variable in solution, and the routes it governs pull in opposite directions. Covers the trade-off, isoelectric point estimation, buffer properties and their specific liabilities.
Aggregation and Precipitation: Physical Loss of Peptide from Solution
Aggregation removes peptide from solution without altering its chemistry, so analysis of the dissolved fraction reads normal. Risk factors, detection methods and an investigation procedure.
Deamidation of Asparagine and Glutamine: Mechanism, Sequence Risk and Detection
The succinimide route in detail: how the reaction runs, which motifs are fast, what pH and buffer do to it, and why a +1 Da change costs activity. Includes a sequence-risk assessment procedure.
Oxidation of Susceptible Residues: Vulnerability Order, Mechanism and Control
The detailed treatment of one degradation route. Which residues oxidise and to what, the two mechanistic classes and why they need different controls, and where the oxidant comes from on a laboratory bench.
Peptide Degradation Pathways: Chemistry, Susceptible Residues and Analytical Signatures
The chemical routes by which a peptide preparation loses integrity, the residues each route attacks, and the evidence that identifies it. This is the reference the rest of the stability cluster points back to.